Mononucleosis syndrome, caused by ebv in up to 90% cases, typically presents with fever, pharyngitis. Over 50% of college studentshave antibodies to the eb virus, implying prior infection. Jun 21, 2015 infectious mononucleosis 4 to 7 week incubation acute selflimiting infection of the re system enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. It is usually passed to susceptible people through intimate contact with infected saliva. May 09, 20 infectious mononucleosis is an illness caused by a viral infection. Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical entity characterized by pharyngitis, cervical lymph node enlargement, fatigue and fever, which results most often from a primary epsteinbarr virus ebv. Viral envelop gp 350 receptor cd21 or c,d complement ebv. The cell type increased in infectious mononucleosis is the lymphocyte population, as infectious mononucleosis is a viral infection caused by the epsteinbarr virus. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by the epsteinbarr virus. It is generally selflimiting and most patients can recover in 4 to 6 weeks without medicines. Infectious mononucleosis 4 to 7 week incubation acute selflimiting infection of the re system enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.
Feb 27, 2015 infectious mononucleosis is the name coined by sprunt and evans in 1920 1 for an acute infectious disease consisting of fever, cervical lymphadenopathy and pharyngitis accompanied by atypical large peripheral blood lymphocytes. Infectious mononucleosis is a virus infection in which there is an increase of white blood cells that are mononuclear with a single nucleus mono and kissing disease are popular terms for this very common illness caused by the epsteinbarr virus ebv. Infectious mononucleosis can be contagious if the infected person comes in close or intimate contact with another person through saliva or sexual contact. Infectious mononucleosis can be contagious if the infected person comes in close or intimate contact. It can be caused by a number of pathogens, but this chapter only discusses infectious mononucleosis due to primary epsteinbarr virus ebv infection. Infectious mononucleosis mostly affects teenagers and young adults.
A chronic post infectious fatigue state appears not be caused by a chronic viral infection, but be triggered by the acute infection. Epsteinbarr virus ebv infectious mononucleosis mono. People with infectious mononucleosis should avoid kissing others, regularly wash their hand and not share drink containers. Infectious mononucleosis, infectious mono or kissing disease, how it has sometimes been called, is a form of severe tonsillitis, but also is a protracted systemic viral illness and can have some hidden implications in the development of nasopharyngeal cancer in the chinese population who have a genetic weakness for this type of rare cancer. A 16yearold, previously healthy girl presents with a severalday history of fever, sore throat, and malaise. Bv infected b cell infectious mononucleosis, virus associ.
Acute infectious mononucleosis im is a common illness that presents to urgent care facilities. Mar 20, 2014 infection with epsteinbarr virus ebv is almost ubiquitous in humans and generally occurs at two ages. It can be caused by a number of pathogens, but this chapter considers it as disease resulting from primary epsteinbarr virus ebv infection and is focused on the immunocompetent host. Since its discovery in the late 1960s, epsteinbarr virus infection has been known to cause a syndrome of infectious mononucleosis or primary infection, which typically strikes adolescents and. Jul 03, 2016 infectious mononucleosis im is usually a selflimiting infection, most often caused by epsteinbarr virus ebv, which is a human herpes virus.
The peripheral smear is from a 19yearold male who complained of fatigue. When infection with ebv occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, it causes infectious mononucleosis 35% to 50% of the time. It is important to note that infectious mononucleosis does not present as monocytosis an increase in the number of monocytes. Illness usually lasts between one week and several weeks. The presenting symptoms of acute im can range from the obvious, such as persistent exudative tonsillitis and marked cervical lymphadenopathy, to the more vague symptoms of fatigue and malaise. Symptoms of illness include fever, sore throat, swollen glands and a feeling of tiredness which usually last for several weeks, but can persist for a few months. Mononucleosis is most often caused by the epsteinbarr virus. It is possible for the monospot test to come back negative early in the course of the infections false negative. Infectious mononucleosis im, mono, also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the epsteinbarr virus ebv. Learn about infectious mononucleosis mono symptoms fever, sore throat, jaundice, treatment, prevention and causes epsteinbarr virus infection. Choose from 141 different sets of infectious mononucleosis flashcards on quizlet. Sore throat, fever, rash malaise, lethargy, extreme tiredness liver and spleen involvement and enlargement hematology. Infectious mononucleosis im, also known as glandular fever, is a clinical syndrome most commonly caused by epstein barr virus ebv infection. Epsteinbarr virus is a member of the herpes virus family and one of the most common human viruses.
Typically, these viruses spread most commonly through bodily fluids, especially saliva. This would make chronic fatigue a rather common side effect of infectious mononucleosis. This virus is passed from person to person by saliva such as sharing a glass or kissing. Infectious mononucleosis american society of hematology. The epidemiology of infectious mononucleosis in northern. Infectious mononucleosis is the name coined by sprunt and evans in 1920 1 for an acute infectious disease consisting of fever, cervical lymphadenopathy and pharyngitis accompanied by atypical large peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mono is called the kissing disease because it spreads via saliva. Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical entity characterized by sore throat, cervical lymph node enlargement, fatigue and fever. This is because epsteinbarr virus commonly is transmitted during. Using contaminated items, such as drinking glasses or toothbrushes, can spread the infection. Severe complications, including airway obstruction, splenic rupture, and neurologic syndromes, occasionally occur. Reactive marrow atypical lymphoproliferative disorders published date.
Common questions about infectious mononucleosis jason womack, md, and marissa jimenez, do, rutgers university, robert wood johnson medical school, new brunswick, new jersey. Mononucleosis has been nicknamed the kissing disease. Classic physical findings include fever, splenomegaly, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. Infectious mononucleosis im was first described in 1889 as glandular fever, a clinical illness characterized by fever, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, hepatosplenomegaly enlargement of both the liver and spleen, and lymphadenopathy. In the united states, as many as 95% of adults between 35 and 40. Fever is rarely the sole manifestation of epsteinbarr virus ebv infectious mononucleosis.
I nfectious mononucleosis is a clinical syndrome caused by epsteinbarr virus ebv that is particularly common in adolescents and children. Typical features of infectious mononucleo sis include fever, pharyngitis, adenopathy, malaise, and an atypical lymphocytosis. However, these viruses can also spread through blood and semen during sexual contact, blood transfusions, and organ transplantations. Infectious mononucleosis 1m 1970 ebvdna nasopharynx 1.
The determinants of whether the infection causes im remain uncertain. Infectious mononucleosis is also known as glandular fever. Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. The virus occurs worldwide, and most people become infected with ebv sometime during their lives. Infectious mononucleosis symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. High wbc, over 20% atypical reactive lymphocytes also known as downey cells.
Because most patients with ebv infectious mononucleosis usually have fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy, the differential diagnoses are those of an infectious mononucleosis like illness, which include infectious mononucleosis due to cytomegalovirus cmv. Infectious mononucleosis mono is an epsteinbarr virus ebv infection of the lymphatic system. Infectious mononucleosis or kissing disease ebv pharyngitis, adenopathy. Infectious mononucleosis im is a common childhoodadolescent illness. It was initially described as drusenfieber or glandular fever in 1889, but the term infectious mononucleosis was later used in 1920 to describe six college students with a febrile illness characterized by absolute.
The variant lymphocyte in the centre has a classical so called ballerina skirt appearance with scalloped margins and indentations by the surrounding red blood cells. Because leukocytosis is the rule in infectious mononucleosis, the presence of a normal or decreased wbc count should suggest an alternative diagnosis. Pdf file of the complete article 792k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Inadvertent treatment with ampicillin results in a fine macular rash in 90% of patients. Infectious mononucleosis msd manual professional edition. Infectious mononucleosis mono mono symptoms medlineplus. In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and tiredness. Hiv, ebv infectious mononucleosis, viral exanthematous diseases, and hepatitis a should be considered in the differential and, in case of childhood viral infections, rsv, parvovirus, influenza a and b. Infectious mononucleosis in children is a polyethological disease caused by viruses from the herpesviridae family, which occurs with fever, angina, polyadenitis, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and the appearance of atypical mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by human herpes virus type 4, more often known as epsteinbarr virus ebv. The virus spreads through saliva, which is why its sometimes called kissing disease. Infectious mononucleosis is a viral illness caused by the epsteinbarr virus ebv.
We aimed to evaluate seasonality and temporal trends. Mononucleosis caused by epsteinbarr virus and cytomegalovirus in children. Infectious mononucleosis im is characterized by a triad of fever, tonsillar pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy 1. Infectious mononucleosis mono is a contagious illness typically caused by the epsteinbarr virus this infectious disease can be spread by saliva, and the incubation period for mono is four to eight weeks. This journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Further testing demonstrated positive monospot test confirming infectious mononucleosis. The disease is spread through saliva and can cause fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. Complete blood count cbc may be done to help confirm the diagnosis of mono and rule out other infections or complications of mono.
It is common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students. At least one out of four teenagers and young adults who get infected. Epsteinbarr virus ebv is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but other viruses can also cause this disease. Nov 26, 2012 because leukocytosis is the rule in infectious mononucleosis, the presence of a normal or decreased wbc count should suggest an alternative diagnosis. Epsteinbarr virus, frequently referred to as ebv, is a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human viruses. Infectious mononucleosis, autoimmunity, and vasculitis. Lymphocytosis accompanies infectious mononucleosis, increases during the first few weeks of illness, and then gradually returns to normal. Chronic fatigue states appear to occur in 10 % of those who contract mononucleosis.
The virus that causes mono is transmitted through saliva, so you can get it through kissing, but you can also be exposed through a cough or sneeze, or by sharing a glass or food utensils with someone who has mono. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by epsteinbarr virus ebv, human herpesvirus type 4 and is characterized by fatigue, fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. Epstenbarr virus oropharyngeal shedding has been demonstrated in infectious mononucleosis patients many months after acute illness and long after the disease hallmarks, atypical lymphocytes and heterophile antibody, have disappeared. Infectious mononucleosis is a viral illness in most cases, and as such it can be treated with rest, hydration, analge sia, and antipyretics. Ebv is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but other viruses can cause this disease. It is a viral infection causing high temperature, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands.
It is most commonly caused by the epsteinbarr virus ebv. It is mostly common among the teenagers and young people. Infectious mononucleosis, or mono, is an infection usually caused by the epsteinbarr virus. The typical features of fever, sore throat, lymph node enlargement, and hepatitis are present in only 25% to 50% of persons. Infectious mononucleosis mono is often called the kissing disease. It typically affects young adults aged 15 to 25 years.
Learn infectious mononucleosis with free interactive flashcards. Infectious mononucleosis is a disease primarily of adolescence and early adulthood. Infectious mononucleosis is a acute infectious disease, caused by epsteinbarr virus evb that belongs to the herpesviridae. Apr 16, 2019 swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and headache are some of the symptoms of mononucleosis, which is caused by the epsteinbarr virus. Fact sheet infectious mononucleosis public health fact sheet. Infectious mononucleosis infectious diseases merck. Infectious mononucleosis, also called mono, is a contagious disease. Pdf infectious mononucleosis is a clinical entity characterized by pharyngitis, cervical lymph node enlargement, fatigue and fever, which results most. The risk of splenic injury and chronic fatigue make returntoplay decisions a challenge for the clinician. Sep 22, 2018 infectious mononucleosis is caused by the epsteinbarr virus. The presenting symptoms of acute im can range from the obvious, such as persistent exudative tonsillitis and marked cervical lymphadenopathy, to the more vague. However, approximately 10% of those with im are not acutely infected with ebv and many of these have symptoms attributable to cytomegalovirus cmv infection. Epsteinbarr virus ebv has a wide range of effects on its human hosts, the best known being infectious mononucleosis im.
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